Symfony Profiler

Query Metrics

6 Database Queries

6 Different statements

3.12 ms Query time

0 Invalid entities

0 Managed entities

Grouped Statements

Show all queries

Time▼

Count

Info

1.09 ms
(35.08%)

SELECT mc.clip_id, mc.film_id, mc.public_key, mc.thumb_path, mc.preview_path, mc.duration, mc.quality, mc.is_vertical, mc.likes, mc.dislikes, mc.views, mc.status, mc.published_at, f1.title as film_title, f1.original_title as film_original_title, f1.poster_path as film_poster_path, f1.release_year as film_release_year, IFNULL(r.title, f.title) as title FROM movie_clip mc LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation f ON mc.clip_id = f.clip_id AND f.lang_id=? LEFT JOIN film f1 ON mc.film_id = f1.film_id LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation r ON mc.clip_id = r.clip_id  AND r.lang_id=? WHERE mc.clip_id IN (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

Parameters:

[
  1
  2
  b"\x01Žµ\x10°BrŠ¦ìÜÛ\t'×@"
  b"\x01ŽÞMchqÂðòØz6K}"
  b"""
    \x01ŽÞM\n
    ËqË\x04ó\n
    W¹\x12\x02
    """
  b"\x01ŽÞL(\x18s*²{@‘îÿ_\x07"
  b"\x01Žµ\x0F¡\x05r“‚Èxmó¶ï›"
  b"\x01Ž°\x1DÓ´s¯µ+š-\x1CÈ4ž"
  b"\x01Ž´¡ÒÛr4Ÿ5o\e~ýD"
  b"\x01Ž¯¹Ÿ\x11qzœ\x02šÁ\x1EÜ-Ã"
  b"\x01Ž¯ÑFÑrÿº\-'Æ\x02\x05]"
  b"\x01Ž±\x08}Áq‚šk\x04WþËŽk"
  b"\x01Ž×Í\x19ßq\x14™Ì¢\¦Ò¶Á"
  b"\x01Ž×Ì™Ør\x1E‚´b\x17·]$ß"
  b"\x01Ž×\x10\x1Cir\x10–ãÿN1·ëA"
  b"\x01Ž×\x0F†Ùq—˜âŽ/ìN$F"
  b"\x01Ž´ôX]rk—\x14€Ý\x06\x1A.H"
  b"\x01Ž°I\x01Ýsò¬õ{£\x10P×ë"
  b"\x01Ž°#Û¿r´†@^ÓäƒN="
  b"\x01Ž°\x1A%›re“\x02\x0F¤ém÷}"
  b"\x01Ž°\x11¤ls9©{$Ži¡\x04y"
  b"\x01Ž¯„<½r¹Ø\föì\v¤h"
  b"\x01Ž¯„\x08ûp^†ØoÓÆ·y¯"
  b"\x01Ž¯ƒ\x04és±š™:N¦“Ý«"
  b"\x01Ž¯¯ýp…¶)äØud\x02ö"
  b"\x01Ž¯¥ÿïq´Š¦\x01W\x02Oñý"
]

View formatted query View runnable query Explain query View query backtrace

SELECT
  mc.clip_id,
  mc.film_id,
  mc.public_key,
  mc.thumb_path,
  mc.preview_path,
  mc.duration,
  mc.quality,
  mc.is_vertical,
  mc.likes,
  mc.dislikes,
  mc.views,
  mc.status,
  mc.published_at,
  f1.title as film_title,
  f1.original_title as film_original_title,
  f1.poster_path as film_poster_path,
  f1.release_year as film_release_year,
  IFNULL(r.title, f.title) as title
FROM
  movie_clip mc
  LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation f ON mc.clip_id = f.clip_id
  AND f.lang_id = ?
  LEFT JOIN film f1 ON mc.film_id = f1.film_id
  LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation r ON mc.clip_id = r.clip_id
  AND r.lang_id = ?
WHERE
  mc.clip_id IN (
    ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,
    ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?
  )

SELECT mc.clip_id, mc.film_id, mc.public_key, mc.thumb_path, mc.preview_path, mc.duration, mc.quality, mc.is_vertical, mc.likes, mc.dislikes, mc.views, mc.status, mc.published_at, f1.title as film_title, f1.original_title as film_original_title, f1.poster_path as film_poster_path, f1.release_year as film_release_year, IFNULL(r.title, f.title) as title FROM movie_clip mc LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation f ON mc.clip_id = f.clip_id AND f.lang_id=1 LEFT JOIN film f1 ON mc.film_id = f1.film_id LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation r ON mc.clip_id = r.clip_id  AND r.lang_id=2 WHERE mc.clip_id IN (0x018EB510B042728AA6ECDCDB0927D740, 0x018EDE4D636871C281F0F2D87A364B7D, 0x018EDE4D0ACB71CB8F04F30A57B91202, 0x018EDE4C2818732AB27B4091EEFF5F07, 0x018EB50FA105729382C8786DF3B6EF9B, 0x018EB01DD3B473AFB52B9A2D1CC8349E, 0x018EB4A1D2DB72349F356F8F1B7EFD44, 0x018EAFB99F11717A9C029AC11EDC2DC3, 0x018EAFD146D172FFBA5C2D27C602055D, 0x018EB1087DC171829A6B0457FECB8E6B, 0x018ED7CD19DF711499CCA25CA6D2B6C1, 0x018ED7CC99D8721E82B46217B75D24DF, 0x018ED7101C69721096E3FF4E31B7EB41, 0x018ED70F86D9719798E28D2FEC4E2446, 0x018EB4F4585D726B971480DD061A2E48, 0x018EB04901DD73F2ACF57BA31050D7EB, 0x018EB023DBBF72B486405ED3E4834E3D, 0x018EB01A259B726593020FA4E96DF77D, 0x018EB011A46C7339A97B248D69A10479, 0x018EAF843CBD729DB9D80CF6EC0BA468, 0x018EAF8408FB705E86D86FD3C6B779AF, 0x018EAF8304E973B19A993A4EA693DDAB, 0x018EAFAF81FD7085B629E4D8756402F6, 0x018EAFA5FFEF71B48AA60157024FF1FD);

#	File/Call
1	Doctrine\DBAL\Query\QueryBuilder->executeQuery (line 323)
2	Doctrine\DBAL\Query\QueryBuilder->fetchAllAssociative (line 274)
3	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\ByIds\Fetcher->fetch (line 39)
4	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\RelatedFetcher->getByClipId (line 42)
5	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\Fragments\RelatedController->__invoke (line 31)
6	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
7	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
8	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
9	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
10	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
11	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
12	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
13	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpCache\SubRequestHandler->handle (line 86)
14	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\InlineFragmentRenderer::render (line 75)
15	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\FragmentHandler->render (line 81)
16	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\LazyLoadingFragmentHandler->render (line 46)
17	Symfony\Bridge\Twig\Extension\HttpKernelRuntime->renderFragment (line 41)
18	__TwigTemplate_a43ed99f55ef6bac452cd88cdadd6bf2->block_content (line 387)
19	Twig\Template->yieldBlock (line 446)
20	__TwigTemplate_be9c4b57101ee037ed3c0993ef0330a8->block_body (line 125)
21	Twig\Template->yieldBlock (line 446)
22	__TwigTemplate_65078dcfdfadcd7a8a61f978f732123d->doDisplay (line 119)
23	Twig\Template->yield (line 402)
24	__TwigTemplate_be9c4b57101ee037ed3c0993ef0330a8->doDisplay (line 56)
25	Twig\Template->yield (line 402)
26	__TwigTemplate_a43ed99f55ef6bac452cd88cdadd6bf2->doDisplay (line 60)
27	Twig\Template->yield (line 402)
28	Twig\Template->display (line 358)
29	Twig\Template->render (line 373)
30	Twig\TemplateWrapper->render (line 51)
31	Twig\Environment->render (line 333)
32	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController->doRenderView (line 431)
33	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController->doRender (line 436)
34	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController->render (line 250)
35	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\View\ActionController->__invoke (line 30)
36	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
37	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
38	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
39	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
40	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
41	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
42	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
43	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel->handle (line 182)
44	Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run (line 35)
45	require_once (line 29)
46	require_once (line 5)

0.60 ms
(19.22%)

SELECT mc.clip_id, mc.user_id, mc.film_id, mc.public_key, mc.thumb_path, mc.preview_path, mc.duration, mc.quality, mc.is_vertical, mc.likes, mc.dislikes, mc.views, mc.status, mc.published_at, u.username, IFNULL(r.title, f.title) as title, IFNULL(r.description, f.description) as description FROM movie_clip mc LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation f ON mc.clip_id = f.clip_id AND f.lang_id=? LEFT JOIN user u ON mc.user_id = u.user_id LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation r ON mc.clip_id = r.clip_id  AND r.lang_id=? WHERE mc.public_key = ? LIMIT 1

Parameters:

[
  1
  2
  "q5Zcge3"
]

View formatted query View runnable query Explain query View query backtrace

SELECT
  mc.clip_id,
  mc.user_id,
  mc.film_id,
  mc.public_key,
  mc.thumb_path,
  mc.preview_path,
  mc.duration,
  mc.quality,
  mc.is_vertical,
  mc.likes,
  mc.dislikes,
  mc.views,
  mc.status,
  mc.published_at,
  u.username,
  IFNULL(r.title, f.title) as title,
  IFNULL(r.description, f.description) as description
FROM
  movie_clip mc
  LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation f ON mc.clip_id = f.clip_id
  AND f.lang_id = ?
  LEFT JOIN user u ON mc.user_id = u.user_id
  LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation r ON mc.clip_id = r.clip_id
  AND r.lang_id = ?
WHERE
  mc.public_key = ?
LIMIT
  1

SELECT mc.clip_id, mc.user_id, mc.film_id, mc.public_key, mc.thumb_path, mc.preview_path, mc.duration, mc.quality, mc.is_vertical, mc.likes, mc.dislikes, mc.views, mc.status, mc.published_at, u.username, IFNULL(r.title, f.title) as title, IFNULL(r.description, f.description) as description FROM movie_clip mc LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation f ON mc.clip_id = f.clip_id AND f.lang_id=1 LEFT JOIN user u ON mc.user_id = u.user_id LEFT JOIN movie_clip_translation r ON mc.clip_id = r.clip_id  AND r.lang_id=2 WHERE mc.public_key = 'q5Zcge3' LIMIT 1;

#	File/Call
1	Doctrine\DBAL\Query\QueryBuilder->executeQuery (line 323)
2	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\ViewMovieFetcher->fetchByPublicKey (line 42)
3	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\View\ActionController->__invoke (line 24)
4	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
5	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
6	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
7	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
8	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
9	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
10	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
11	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel->handle (line 182)
12	Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run (line 35)
13	require_once (line 29)
14	require_once (line 5)

0.57 ms
(18.18%)

SELECT `mchr`.`related_id`
                FROM `movie_clip_has_related` as `mchr`
                LEFT JOIN `movie_clip` as `mc` USING (`clip_id`)
                WHERE `mchr`.`clip_id` = ? AND `mc`.`status` = ?
                ORDER BY `mchr`.`relevance` DESC
                LIMIT ?
                OFFSET ?

Parameters:

[
  b"\x01Žµ\x10\x13EqÊ¶=z2Ô,C|"
  10
  24
  0
]

View formatted query View runnable query Explain query View query backtrace

SELECT
  `mchr`.`related_id`
FROM
  `movie_clip_has_related` as `mchr`
  LEFT JOIN `movie_clip` as `mc` USING (`clip_id`)
WHERE
  `mchr`.`clip_id` = ?
  AND `mc`.`status` = ?
ORDER BY
  `mchr`.`relevance` DESC
LIMIT
  ?
OFFSET
  ?

SELECT `mchr`.`related_id`
                FROM `movie_clip_has_related` as `mchr`
                LEFT JOIN `movie_clip` as `mc` USING (`clip_id`)
                WHERE `mchr`.`clip_id` = 0x018EB510134571CAB63D7A32D42C437C AND `mc`.`status` = 10
                ORDER BY `mchr`.`relevance` DESC
                LIMIT 24
                OFFSET 0
            ;

#	File/Call
1	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\RelatedFetcher->getCurrentRelationIds (line 53)
2	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\RelatedFetcher->getByClipId (line 32)
3	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\Fragments\RelatedController->__invoke (line 31)
4	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
5	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
6	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
7	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
8	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
9	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
10	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
11	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpCache\SubRequestHandler->handle (line 86)
12	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\InlineFragmentRenderer::render (line 75)
13	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\FragmentHandler->render (line 81)
14	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\LazyLoadingFragmentHandler->render (line 46)
15	Symfony\Bridge\Twig\Extension\HttpKernelRuntime->renderFragment (line 41)
16	__TwigTemplate_a43ed99f55ef6bac452cd88cdadd6bf2->block_content (line 387)
17	Twig\Template->yieldBlock (line 446)
18	__TwigTemplate_be9c4b57101ee037ed3c0993ef0330a8->block_body (line 125)
19	Twig\Template->yieldBlock (line 446)
20	__TwigTemplate_65078dcfdfadcd7a8a61f978f732123d->doDisplay (line 119)
21	Twig\Template->yield (line 402)
22	__TwigTemplate_be9c4b57101ee037ed3c0993ef0330a8->doDisplay (line 56)
23	Twig\Template->yield (line 402)
24	__TwigTemplate_a43ed99f55ef6bac452cd88cdadd6bf2->doDisplay (line 60)
25	Twig\Template->yield (line 402)
26	Twig\Template->display (line 358)
27	Twig\Template->render (line 373)
28	Twig\TemplateWrapper->render (line 51)
29	Twig\Environment->render (line 333)
30	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController->doRenderView (line 431)
31	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController->doRender (line 436)
32	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController->render (line 250)
33	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\View\ActionController->__invoke (line 30)
34	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
35	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
36	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
37	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
38	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
39	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
40	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
41	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel->handle (line 182)
42	Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run (line 35)
43	require_once (line 29)
44	require_once (line 5)

0.37 ms
(11.71%)

SELECT `path` FROM `movie_clip_media` WHERE `clip_id` = ?

Parameters:

[
  b"\x01Žµ\x10\x13EqÊ¶=z2Ô,C|"
]

View formatted query View runnable query Explain query View query backtrace

SELECT
  `path`
FROM
  `movie_clip_media`
WHERE
  `clip_id` = ?

SELECT `path` FROM `movie_clip_media` WHERE `clip_id` = 0x018EB510134571CAB63D7A32D42C437C;

#	File/Call
1	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\ViewMovieFetcher->fetchMedia (line 152)
2	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\ViewMovieFetcher->fetchByPublicKey (line 50)
3	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\View\ActionController->__invoke (line 24)
4	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
5	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
6	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
7	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
8	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
9	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
10	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
11	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel->handle (line 182)
12	Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run (line 35)
13	require_once (line 29)
14	require_once (line 5)

0.27 ms
(8.72%)

SELECT `lang_id`, `code`, `name`, `icon` FROM `lang`

Parameters:

[]

View formatted query View runnable query Explain query View query backtrace

SELECT
  `lang_id`,
  `code`,
  `name`,
  `icon`
FROM
  `lang`

SELECT `lang_id`, `code`, `name`, `icon` FROM `lang`;

#	File/Call
1	App\Language\Model\LanguageResolver->init (line 34)
2	App\Language\Model\LanguageResolver->__construct (line 25)
3	ContainerNbSs4vH\App_KernelDevDebugContainer->getLanguageResolverService (line 1116)
4	ContainerNbSs4vH\getActionController16Service::do (line 25)
5	ContainerNbSs4vH\App_KernelDevDebugContainer::load (line 568)
6	Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Container->make (line 221)
7	Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Container::get (line 203)
8	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ContainerControllerResolver->instantiateController (line 38)
9	Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\ControllerResolver->instantiateController (line 25)
10	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ControllerResolver->createController (line 115)
11	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ControllerResolver->getController (line 95)
12	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\TraceableControllerResolver->getController (line 33)
13	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 166)
14	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
15	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel->handle (line 182)
16	Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run (line 35)
17	require_once (line 29)
18	require_once (line 5)

0.22 ms
(7.09%)

SELECT film_id,
           original_title,
           title,
           poster_path,
           release_year
    FROM `film`
    WHERE `film_id` = ?

Parameters:

[
  b"\x01–\x05\x0Eó´sí¦Fv¼n\x00-"
]

View formatted query View runnable query Explain query View query backtrace

SELECT
  film_id,
  original_title,
  title,
  poster_path,
  release_year
FROM
  `film`
WHERE
  `film_id` = ?

SELECT film_id,
           original_title,
           title,
           poster_path,
           release_year
    FROM `film`
    WHERE `film_id` = 0x0196050EF3B473EDA64676BC6E00812D;

#	File/Call
1	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\ViewMovieFetcher->fetchFilm (line 178)
2	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Fetcher\ViewMovieFetcher->fetchByPublicKey (line 56)
3	App\MovieClip\Presentation\Controller\Public\View\ActionController->__invoke (line 24)
4	App\Infrastructure\EventSubscriber\ResponseCacheSubscriber->cache (line 52)
5	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener->__invoke (line 115)
6	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners (line 206)
7	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch (line 56)
8	Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher->dispatch (line 122)
9	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw (line 178)
10	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle (line 76)
11	Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel->handle (line 182)
12	Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run (line 35)
13	require_once (line 29)
14	require_once (line 5)

Database Connections

Name	Service
default	doctrine.dbal.default_connection

Entity Managers

Name	Service
default	doctrine.orm.default_entity_manager

Second Level Cache

Second Level Cache is not enabled.

Managed Entities

default entity manager

Class	Amount of managed objects

Entities Mapping

No loaded entities.

Symfony Profiler

GET https://dev.muviki.cc/_fragment?_path=_format%3Dhtml%26_locale%3Dru%26_controller%3DApp%255CMovieClip%255CPresentation%255CController%255CPublic%255CFragments%2…

Configuration Settings

Theme

Page Width

Query Metrics

Grouped Statements

Database Connections

Entity Managers

Second Level Cache

Managed Entities

default entity manager

Entities Mapping